Articles - Page 4 of 5 - Tumori Journal

Personalized treatment using predictive biomarkers in solid organ malignancies: A review

Review ArticleBy Alessia Zini August 2, 2024

In recent years, the influence of specific biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of solid organ malignancies has been increasingly prominent. The relevance of the use of predictive biomarkers, which predict cancer response to specific forms of treatment provided, is playing a more significant role than ever before, as it affects diagnosis and initiation of treatment, monitoring for efficacy and side effects of treatment, and adjustment in treatment regimen in the long term.

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Italian translation, cultural adaptation and pilot testing of Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT 3.1) in pediatric cancer

Research ArticleBy Alessia Zini July 30, 2024

Experiences related to pediatric oncology diagnosis cause great imbalances within the family structure. Assessing the frailties and needs of families and children with cancer from a psychosocial perspective is an important step in providing appropriate pediatric psychology care. The aim of this study was to develop an Italian translation of the last version of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool questionnaire (PAT 3.1) and to pilot-test it among pediatric oncological families.

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Multiple targets, germline BRCA1 mutation and HRD in a lung cancer patient: Molecular considerations and treatment decision-making

Case ReportBy Alessia Zini June 13, 2024

Several biomarkers are currently available to address targeted treatments in cancer patients, with lung malignancies representing one of the best examples. We report the case of a patient affected by advanced non-small cell lung cancer with an uncommon histology and a complex biology. The use of a large next-generation sequencing (NGS) NGS panel allowed us to identify an extremely rare BRAF mutation (V600Q), a MET amplification, a high tumor mutational burden, a germline pathogenetic BRCA1 mutation and a homologous recombination deficiency through RAD51 assay.

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Efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy in oral cavity cancer: An eight-year experience at a Portuguese reference center

Research ArticleBy Alessia Zini June 2, 2024

Induction chemotherapy has been described as an option in locally advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma when the surgical morbidity is expected to be high. This work aimed to evaluate the outcome and safety of induction chemotherapy in this setting. We performed a retrospective and observational study including patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, treated with induction chemotherapy between January 2010 and December 2018.

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A case series of non-small cell lung cancer patients with EGFR or HER2 exon 20 insertion in Li Fraumeni syndrome

Case ReportBy Alessia Zini May 23, 2024

Germline pathogenic mutations in TP53 gene are associated with a cancer predisposition syndrome known as Li Fraumeni syndrome. Albeit infrequently, non-small cell lung cancer, especially as oncogene-addicted disease, may be diagnosed in young patients with Li Fraumeni syndrome. We report three cases of patients affected by Li Fraumeni syndrome who developed non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR or HER2 exon 20 insertions.

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Immunogenicity of radiotherapy on bone metastases from prostate adenocarcinoma: What is the future for the combination with radiotherapy/immunotherapy?

Review ArticleBy Alessia Zini May 15, 2024

Bone metastatic prostate cancers (PCa) are resistant to usual immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors. The main hypothesis related to this immunoresistance is the lack of antigens to stimulate anti-tumor immunity. External radiation is a potential inducer antigens presentation and thus to immunotherapy proprieties.

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Outcomes of chemotherapy/chemoradiation vs. R2 surgical debulking vs. palliative care in nonresectable locally recurrent rectal cancer

Research ArticleBy Alessia Zini May 10, 2024

Locally recurrent rectal cancer is resected with clear margins in only 50% of cases, and these patients achieve a three-year survival rate of 50%. Outcomes and therapeutic strategies for nonresectable locally recurrent rectal cancer have been much less explored. The aim of the study was to assess the three-year progression-free survival and the three-year overall survival in locally recurrent rectal cancer patients treated by chemotherapy/chemoradiation only vs. chemotherapy/chemoradiation and R2 surgical debulking vs. palliative care.

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PROACT 2.0: A new open-source tool to improve patient-doctor communication in clinical trials

EditorialBy admin April 27, 2024

The use of Digital Healthcare Products is leading to significant improvements in clinical practice. Herein, we discuss the development of PROACT 2.0 (Patient Reported Opinions About Clinical Tolerability v2.0), a novel open-source mobile and web application developed at Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori in Milan. It was developed in collaboration with The Christie, Manchester, in the context of work package 2 of the UpSMART Accelerator project, involving a consortium of referral cancer centers from the UK, Spain and Italy.

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Response to lorlatinib rechallenge in a case of ALK-rearranged metastatic NSCLC with a resistance mutation to second generation TKIs

Case ReportBy admin April 16, 2024

Several anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed for the treatment of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with the newer generation agents brigatinib, alectinib and lorlatinib showing prolonged responses. With the increasing number of target therapies available, the optimal sequence is yet to be defined, as resistance profiles may evolve over time and in response to sequential ALK inhibitors. Therefore, ALK-targeted strategies may be personalized based upon the presence of specific ALK resistance mutations.

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The digital revolution in pathology: Towards a smarter approach to research and treatment

Review ArticleBy admin April 12, 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in oncology are at the forefront of transforming healthcare during the Fourth Industrial Revolution, driven by the digital data explosion. This review provides an accessible introduction to the field of AI, presenting a concise yet structured overview of the foundations of AI, including expert systems, classical machine learning, and deep learning, along with their contextual application in clinical research and healthcare. We delve into the current applications of AI in oncology, with a particular focus on diagnostic imaging and pathology.

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