The strategic addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to chemotherapy (CT) offers a potential paradigm shift in the treatment of elderly cancer patients. This systematic review evaluates the impact of ICIs combined with CT on the overall survival (OS) of patients aged 65 and older.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene polymorphisms are associated with the response to pharmaceutical therapy in many cancers. This study aimed to investigate the effects of VEGF gene polymorphisms in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving pharmaceutical therapy.
Evidence from randomized trials regarding adjuvant chemotherapy and its impact on survival in older patients with resected breast cancer is limited. This study evaluates the current evidence on the use of adjuvant chemotherapy and its effects on overall mortality and breast cancer-specific mortality in older patients.
O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation), one of the protein post-translational modifications, is the process of adding O-linked-β-D-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAc) to serine and threonine residues of proteins. O-GlcNAcylation regulates various fundamental cell biological processes, including gene transcription, signal transduction, and cellular metabolism.
European Cancer Organisation Essential Requirements for Quality Cancer Care (ERQCC) are written by experts representing all disciplines involved in cancer care in Europe. They give patients, health professionals, managers and policymakers a guide to essential care. Here, the essential requirements to treat ovarian cancer patients are described.
Kirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS) is a potent target for cancer therapy because it acts as a signaling hub, engaging in various signaling pathways and regulating a number of cellular functions like cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Recently, an emergency approval from the US-FDA has been issued for KRASG12C inhibitors (sotorasib and adagrasib) for metastatic lung cancer treatment.
Single-cell techniques have convincingly demonstrated that tumor tissue usually contains multiple genetically defined cell subclones with different gene mutation sets as well as various transcriptional profiles, but the spatial heterogeneity of the microenvironment and the macrobiological characteristics of the tumor ecosystem have not been described.
In recent years, the influence of specific biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of solid organ malignancies has been increasingly prominent. The relevance of the use of predictive biomarkers, which predict cancer response to specific forms of treatment provided, is playing a more significant role than ever before, as it affects diagnosis and initiation of treatment, monitoring for efficacy and side effects of treatment, and adjustment in treatment regimen in the long term.
Bone metastatic prostate cancers (PCa) are resistant to usual immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors. The main hypothesis related to this immunoresistance is the lack of antigens to stimulate anti-tumor immunity. External radiation is a potential inducer antigens presentation and thus to immunotherapy proprieties.
Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in oncology are at the forefront of transforming healthcare during the Fourth Industrial Revolution, driven by the digital data explosion. This review provides an accessible introduction to the field of AI, presenting a concise yet structured overview of the foundations of AI, including expert systems, classical machine learning, and deep learning, along with their contextual application in clinical research and healthcare. We delve into the current applications of AI in oncology, with a particular focus on diagnostic imaging and pathology.